Discourage Me?
Oh, you have no idea how much I
love this conversation!

It's downright miraculous what a little application of handwavium can do.
Jump points isn't even 'faster' than light because you're not actually crossing the space between the two points. I don't know about you but, the fact that jump points are kind of 'just there' and that we're helpless to see them form or dissipate (science station was studying the formation of a new jump point before it was senselessly wiped out by Kilrathi...) leads me to believe more as though jump points are actually wormholes, which are hypothesized to exist just fine in real life space.
Another thing is that, these laser weapons and their destructive potential--are FAR greater than we can even assume to measure in present day. We may call lasers coherent light, but it's hardly coherent. Especially if the laser weapons have limited range at all, it's losing energy. Let's just wave our hands a little more and make some more assumptions, shall we? We can assume lasers are visible because there is so MUCH directed radiation packed into such a tiny area of space that,
a) Planck transition of these electromagnetic particles through space is lagged by overabundance of 'traffic'
b) It's bleeding electromagnetic radiation just as fast as it can to decrease the 'lag'
c) For the duration of the 'beam's transit from emission to loss of effective range it emits harmless photons in all directions, but then,
d) The moment it has surpassed effective range is the moment it has shed enough energy that it no longer needs to bleed off into photons, nor travel at sub-light speeds. After that point, it's harmless to the shielding systems of modern ships.
For plasma, though--heat requires a medium just like sound

and we can create plasma here on present-day earth without melting everything within 8 kilometers of the site via use of electromagnetic bottling. Plasma is made of charged particles, and so they are susceptible to becoming trapped within an electromagnetic field. Provided this field is in a vacuum, you'll get light, and some of that light might be in the infrared range (thus heat), but it won't be merely as much damage as direct contact will cause.
Now as far as the shameless violation of Newtonian physics...
Dialogue in the game indicates that the electromagnetic ram scoops that funnel in free floating hydrogen (the most ubiquitous substance in the universe, really) are what cause the drag. However, I think it's feasible that the concentration of electromagnetic radiation that it takes attract sufficient free hydrogen would also result in a heavier inertial 'footprint'. As in, how mass creates an indentation in time-space fabric that we interpret as gravity, these hyper-dense concentrations of energy spike particularly hard into the 'fabric' of space-time. They create a hell of a lot of drag.
I know completely well that giving physics a swift boot up the ass is what makes the game fun. I just like describing the boot--Also for fun. It provides me with some immaterial level of comfort to imagine that we can go back to real physics if we REALLY wanted to...